Solar modules, inverters and batteries perform different jobs. Architecture shows where generation, conversion and storage sit before a score or sales bundle enters the decision.
One energy flow, three product records
Generation, conversion and storage should not be collapsed into one claim.
01Solar module
Light becomes DC electricity.
->
02Power electronics
DC and AC are converted and controlled.
->
03Battery
Energy is stored and released.
An all-in-one product can package conversion and storage together. A DC-coupled battery leaves conversion elsewhere. A microinverter moves conversion to the roof. These are purchasing architectures, not quality rankings.
Power conversion
Inverter architectures
The inverter is the control plane of most modern residential systems, but the exact scope varies.
01
Solar-only string inverter
Converts PV string DC into grid-connected AC.
Storage boundary
No native battery conversion path is recorded for the product.
Buying question
Best understood as the solar conversion layer, with storage treated as a separate future decision.
02
Battery-ready inverter
Converts solar DC to AC and exposes a documented storage pathway, often through additional equipment.
Storage boundary
Battery hardware is separate and may require an added controller or interface.
Buying question
Confirm what battery functionality is present now and what remains optional hardware or commissioning work.
03
Hybrid inverter
Manages PV, battery DC and household AC through the inverter platform.
Storage boundary
The battery remains a separate product even when it belongs to the same branded platform.
Buying question
Compare phase, MPPTs, output, backup boundary, monitoring and warranty before considering installation design.
04
Microinverter
Converts DC to AC at each solar module rather than at one central string inverter.
Storage boundary
Storage, when used, sits elsewhere in the energy platform.
Buying question
Compare module-level conversion, monitoring, roof complexity, service model and warranty evidence.
Energy storage
Battery architectures
Coupling describes where conversion occurs. It does not determine battery quality or approve an installation.
01
DC-coupled battery
Stores DC energy and relies on system power electronics outside the battery product for household AC.
Product boundary
The published battery record covers the storage stack, controller and stated capacity range.
Buying question
Compare usable capacity, voltage class, modular limits, chemistry and battery warranty without treating the battery as the inverter.
02
AC-coupled battery
Includes battery-side power conversion and connects on the household AC side.
Product boundary
The battery product includes its own conversion stage, while site isolation and backup controls may remain separate.
Solar-only string inverterNo native backup recorded
3–6 kW
Single phase
62/ 100
Architecture describes where conversion and storage functions sit. It does not establish site suitability, an equipment pairing, installation design or network approval.
Continue the decision
Compare within the right architecture, then return to the exact quote.
Architecture classification comes from the curated product identity and source-backed specification records. It remains separate from site design, price, network approval and installer acceptance.